Gumming was usually applied to the side of the paper that was not to be printed. Mistakes did occur at times and than we would find a readable RA as seen from the back of the stamp. This happened sometimes in the post-1953 period but hardly ever before that. Pettigiani does not discuss the regular forms of breaking the gum mechanically even although that would help distinguishing the imported papers from the national papers! the Zárate paper (or national paper) has the gum if broken rather horizontally or just one diagonal; the imported paper always has the gum broken diagonally both descending and ascending! The extra breaking of the gum called "gofrado" was applied by the Casa de Moneda in 3 cases after World War II on national paper:
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