Brasil - papel marmorizado - gemarmerd papier

A. Ribiero - os selos marmorizados do brasil

OS SELOS MARMORIZADOS DO BRASIL

por Antonio Paulo Ribeiro.

Dentro do colecionismo de selos brasileiros, os selos chamados de "marmorizados" esto, cada dia mais, ganhando novos adeptos. Muitos filatelistas esto tentando completar sua coleço de marmorizados, mas dentre os 148 conhecidos há alguns muito raros e escassos. Outra grande dificuldade é que no se sabe ao certo qual é o número existente de muitos marmorizados catalogados. Fala-se, em alguns casos, de uma folha, mas no se sabe se toda a folha era marmorizada ou só parte dela. Assim as dúvidas entre os colecionadores e até entre os comerciantes so muito grandes e com isto no se tem uma noço precisa da raridade, bem como a grande incerteza de aquilatar o real valor de cada selo.

Para definir o que é papel marmorizado, vamos reproduzir parte de um artigo publicado no Informativo Fontoura Wieth de agosto de 1990 e escrito pelo saudoso jornalista filatélico J. L. de Barros Pimentel: "No se trata de papel diferente, nem de filigrana curiosa, mas to somente de defeito de fabricaço do papel. Em visita que fizemos recentemente s Indústrias Klabin, na Capital, por deferncia especial do diretor da firma, Sr. J. Klabin (veterano numismata) e, acompanhado de um dos engenheiros da firma, tivemos oportunidade de verificar "in loco" a fabricaço do referido papel, conhecido como gessado ou couché. O papel ainda em bobina, úmido, recebe em máquina especial o banho de substancia leitosa constituída de caolim e caseína (fixador). Após o banho, a folha de papel sofre o tratamento de uma série de escovas, as quais agindo num vai-vem constante espalham aquela substancia uniformemente. Quando, por acaso, essas escovas deixam de trabalhar alguns instantes, a substancia no é espalhada convenientemente e o papel sai ento com aquele aspecto que congnominaram de "marmorizado".

Esse pedaço de bobina com papel marmorizado no tem lugar fixo, pode ser no início, no meio ou no fim da bobina e como a bobina é entregue Casa da Moeda pelo fabricante, no é possível desenrola-la para verificar onde o papel ficou defeituoso. Tal papel é classificado no fábrica como "refugo". Cumpre a Casa da Moeda, após a emisso de qualquer selo impresso naquele papel, separar as folhas que tenham coincidido na parte defeituosa, incinerá-las e no colocá-las venda com o restante da emisso, para depois aparecerem no mercado por preços altíssimos."

Na verdade é muito difícil para os funcionários dos Correios conseguir identificar uma ou mais folhas que se apresentam marmorizadas dentro de um pacote de folhas. Só o olhar atento de um filatelista seria capaz de separar as folhas que apresentassem a característica de "veios de mármore" que identifica esse papel.

Também o "defeito" pode aparecer em parte ou em toda a folha o que dificulta mais ainda a identificaço.

Listamos, abaixo, os selos "marmorizados" catalogados até hoje; so:

COMEMORATIVOS
384Y]F 385Y   386Y    388Y    392Y    393Y    393AY   394Y
395Y]F 400Y   400AY   407Y    420Y    422Y    424YY   426Y
429Y]F 430Y   439YY   450Y    459Y    461Y    462YY   464Y
465Y]F 466Y   467YY   469Y    470Y    471Y    472YY   483Y
487Y]F 488Y   489YY   490Y    492Y    493Y    494YY   495Y
496Y]F 511Y   512YY   514Y    515Y    516Y    517YY   518Y
519Y]F 520Y   522YY   523Y    524Y    525Y    526YY   527Y
528Y]F 529Y   530YY   532Y    533Y    534Y    535YY   536Y
537Y]F 538Y   539YY   540Y    541Y    542Y    544YY   545Y
546Y]F 547Y   550YY   553Y    554Y    556Y    561YY   565Y
570Y]F 574Y   575YY   576Y    578Y    581Y    584YY   585Y
587Y]F 589Y   590YY   592Y    594Y    607Y    640YY   658Y
666Y]F 673Y   674YY   688/700Y594Y    691Y    698YY   701Y    702Y
703Y]F 711Y   712YY   713Y700Y715/16Y 721Y    722YY   727Y
732Y]F 733Y   746YY   747Y700Y752Y16Y 754Y    756YY   769/72Y

BLOCOS
13YY]F 24YY   25YYY   31Y

REGULARES
512Y]F 513Y   514YY   520Y

AÉREOS
79YY]F 80YY   81YYY   82YY    83Y     84Y     85Y
94YY]F 97YY   105YY   107Y    108Y    109Y    110Y

O total de peças marmorizada é de 148, sendo 126 selos comemorativos, 4 blocos, 4 selos regulares e 14 selos aéreos.

O primeiro marmorizado comemorativo apareceu em 1956 (RHM 384Y) e o último em 1972 (RHM 769/72Y).

(Artigo extraído do Boletim do Rio Grande Filatélico, Ano V, n. 1, março 1999, págs. 17-18)

MARMORIZADOS OF BRAZIL by Antonio Paulo Ribeiro

Inside the Brazilian stamp collecting, stamps called "marbled" are increasingly gaining new followers. Many philatelists are trying to complete your collection of marbled, but among the 148 known there are some very rare and scarce. Another major difficulty is that no one knows for sure what is the existing number of marbled many cataloged. It is said, in some cases, a sheet, but it is not known if the entire sheet was marbled or only part of it. So the doubts among collectors and even among traders are very large and this does not have a precise idea of the rarity and the great uncertainty of the real value of each stamp. To define what is marbled paper, we reproduce part of an article published in the Newsletter Fontoura Wieth August 1990 and written by the late journalist philatelic J. L. de Barros Pimentel:

"It is not different paper filigree or curious, but only defect papermaking. In visit we made recently at Klabin Industries in Capital for special deference director of the firm, Mr. J. Klabin (veteran numismatist), and accompanied by one of the engineers of the firm, we were able to verify "in loco" the making of this paper, known as plastered or coated. The paper is coiled, humid, receives special machine in the bath milky substance consisting of kaolin and casein (fastener). After bathing, the sheet undergoes the treatment of a number of brushes which act on the shuttle substance that contained evenly spread. When, by chance, these brushes stop working a few moments, the substance is not spread out properly and paper then with that aspect of congnominaram "marbled". This piece of coil with marbled paper has no fixed place, it may be the beginning, middle or end of the coil and the coil as is delivered to the Mint by the manufacturer, it is not possible to check it unfolds where the paper was flawed . This paper is ranked in the factory as "scrap". Meets the Mint, after the issuance of any stamp printed in that paper, separate the leaves that have coincided in part defective, incinerate them and not put them on sale with the rest of the issue, and then appear on the market for very high prices . " Actually it is very difficult for the postal workers can identify one or more sheets that present rag inside a package of sheets. Only the watchful eye of a philatelist would be able to separate the sheets to present the characteristic of "marble shafts" that identifies this role. Also, the "defect" may appear in part or in whole leaf which hinders further identification. We list below the seals "marbled" cataloged to date, are:

COMMEMORATIVES
384Y 385Y 386Y 388Y 392Y 393Y 394Y 393AY
400AY 395Y 400Y 407Y 420Y 422Y 424Y 426Y
429Y 430Y 439Y 450Y 459Y 461Y 462Y 464Y
465Y 466Y 467Y 469Y 470Y 471Y 472Y 483Y
487Y 488Y 489Y 490Y 492Y 493Y 494Y 495Y
496Y 511Y 512Y 514Y 515Y 516Y 517Y 518Y
519Y 520Y 522Y 523Y 524Y 525Y 526Y 527Y
528Y 529Y 530Y 532Y 533Y 534Y 535Y 536Y
537Y 538Y 539Y 540Y 541Y 542Y 544Y 545Y
546Y 547Y 550Y 553Y 554Y 556Y 561Y 565Y
570Y 574Y 575Y 576Y 578Y 581Y 584Y
585Y587Y 589Y 590Y 592Y 594Y 607Y 640Y
658Y688/700Y 666Y 673Y 674Y 691Y 698Y
701Y 702Y703Y 711Y 712Y 713Y 721Y 722Y
727Y 715/16Y732Y 733Y 746Y 747Y 752Y 754Y 756Y 769/72Y

BLOCKS
13Y 24Y 25Y 31Y

REGULAR
512Y 513Y 514Y 520Y

AIR
79Y 80Y 81Y 82Y 83Y 84Y 85Y 94Y
97Y 105Y 107Y 108Y 109Y 110Y

The total marbled pieces is 148, 126 commemorative stamps, 4 blocks, 4 and 14 regular postage stamps air. The first commemorative marbled appeared in 1956 (RHM 384Y) and the last in 1972 (RHM 769/72Y). (Article extracted from the Rio Grande Philatelic Bulletin, Year V, no. 1, March 1999, p. 17-18)

Klabin

The following article is reprinted with permission and was published in "Geraçes / Brasil" by the Jewish Genealogy Society of Brazil, May 1995, Autumn, volume I, number 2. "The article is the sole responsibility of its author."

The Klabin Empire

by Guilherme Faiguenboim faiguen@attglobal.net

Sources: Egon and Frieda Wolff (Biographic Dictionary VI and Historical Guide of the Jewish Community in So Paulo), Manchete magazine and Folha de S. Paulo newspaper.

The name Klabin is often associated to wealth and power in Brazil. This is true but not entirely. The reader will learn on how the Klabins are also distinguished in the arts, culture, politics, philanthropy and benevolence, and how they are related to the Lafers, Kadischewitz, Segalls, Lorch, Warchavchik, Haas, Mindlin, etc.

The enclosed genealogical tree doesn't cover all the family, and not all the marriages shown there have lasted. We mentioned only the most important people (in our opinion).

Our history begins in the year of 1885, in the Russian Empire, Kovno Gubernya, Vilkomir District, in the village of Poselva (Zelwa). By that time, Moshe Elkhanan Lafer, 25, bachelor, son of the staroste (mayor of the village), was being persecuted by the Czar Alexander III and he decided to run away. He changed his name and walked for many days. He went to England and in 1889 he bought a 3rd class ticket to Brazil.

He arrived in So Paulo, then worked in a printing house which he bought right after that.

Moshe Elkhanan Lafer left behind a life without perspective in Russia and became the talented tycoon Mauricio Klabin, founder of a huge industrial, commercial, agricultural and real estate complex.

Bertha Osband, a 27 year-old young lady from Rezhitsa, beautiful and educated, was chosen by Mauricio's father to be his wife. After Bertha, Mauricio had his parents, brothers, uncles and cousins sent from Lithuania to work together in his flourishing business. Some of his relatives maintained the original Lafer as a family name, though others adopted Klabin.

His aunt Feiga Zlate (Lafer) Kadischewitz immigrated to Brazil as she became widow with five little children. One of those children, Wolf, then 9 or 10 years old, came to live at Mauricio's house, and in spite of being his cousin, was raised as if he were his son. Years later, Wolf Kadischewitz added the surname Klabin to his name becaming the famous Wolf K. Klabin.

The Klabin Brothers and Co. was established in 1895 as a stationary good commerce. A paper factory in Itú was leased in 1906 and in 1911 they founded the Ponte Grande Paper Industrial Co. In 1934, with Mauricio already dead, the giant Indústrias Klabin do Paraná, led by Wolf Klabin, heir of Mauricio's entrepreneur talents, started up. Till today it deals with reforestation, cellulose and paper.

Besides this the Lafers and Klabins diversified: Metal Leve (car parts), Diner's credit card, Klabin Ceramics, and so on. Mauricio had 3 daughters: Mina, married to the architect Gregori Warchavchik - the creator of the first modernistic house, adorned with works of other famous Brazilian artists (Lasar Segall, Di Cavalcanti, Tarsila do Amaral and Brecheret). The house was visited by 20.000 people in 1930! Warchavchik had a partner - Lucio Costa - and hired a young man with daring projects - Oscar Niemeyer. Years later, those two men built Brasília. The second daughter, Jenny, got married to Lasar Segall, a famous painter. She translated French and German classics to Portuguese. The third daughter, Luiza, married to Dr. Ludwig Lorch. They established the B'nai B'rith in Brazil.

As a matter of fact, the Jewish community owes a lot to the Klabin-Lafer militant generosity: the Chevra Kadishe of So Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, the Renascença Hebrew School (Miguel Lafer), the Beth-El Temple (Mauricio Klabin and Miguel Lafer), the benevolent Ofidas (Bertha, Luba and Luiza Klabin), the Albert Einstein Israelite Hospital (Emma Klabin), among others.

In politics, the main personality was Horácio Lafer, co-founder of the first Brazilian major industrial and commercial syndicate (FIESP/CIESP), elected to the Parliament in 1934, 1954 and 1958, and Finance Minister of Getúlio Vargas and Foreign Affairs Minister of Juscelino Kubitschek. His cousin, prof. Celso Lafer, was also Foreign Affairs Minister in 1991. Arthur Dieudonné Haas, father-in-law to Wolf Klabin, co-founded the town of Nossa Senhora da Boa Viagem do Curral d'El Rey, best known as Belo Horizonte, capital of the State of Minas Gerais.

Almost a century after Leon Lev Lafer-Klabin had been mayor of the little Pozelva, the firstborn son of Wolf Klabin - Israel Klabin - was mayor of the beautiful city of Rio de Janeiro. Both men also share the devotion to the study of the Talmud.