Giori of Orloff?

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 632,322, dated September 5, 1899.

Application filed June 3, 1897. Serial No. 639,200. (No model.)

To In whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, IVAN ORLOFF, a subject of the Emperor of Russia, residing, at St. Petersburg, Russia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Multicolor- Printing Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to devices for multicolor printing in which separate color plates or patterns, one for each color, are inked by separate inking-rollers and the designs of the said color plates or patterns transferred to and assembled on a common printing-plate, from which the printing on a sheet of paper or other suitable material is effected by one impression.

The objects of my invention are, first, to provide means for transferring the several designs of the color plates or patterns to the common printing-plate in an absolutely unchanged condition and with absolute accuracy in a predetermined relative position with respect to each other in order to obtain a perfect register of the colors, and, second, to avoid mutual fouling or clouding of the colors in order to keep the colors clean, even though continuously running the press.

The general object of my invention is therefore to render the said multicolor-printing machines applicable to fine or art work hitherto exclusively performed by successively printing the several colors from individual printing-plates.

In order to plainly illustrate the merits of my invention above similar methods hitherto suggested, I shall first fully disclose the technical effects of my improved method before describing the devices for carrying out the same represented in the accompanying drawings.

In order to secure a perfect register of the colors assembled on the printing-plate, the several designs of the color-plates must be transferred to the printing-plate in an unchanged condition and applied thereto accurately in a determined relative position with respect to each other. I attain this perfectly by using hard color-plates and a hard printing-plate not liable to yield'under the pressure of the press,by mounting both the color-plates and the printing-plates on one and the same carrier, and by transferring the design of each color-plate to the common printing-plate by means of an elastic transfer-roller rolling over the color-plate and over the printing-plate without any sliding movement and meeting the same each time in the same relative positions. The result of this arrangement is as follows: The elastic roller being susceptible of a close contact with the hard color-plate, as well as with the hard printing-plate, the color will be perfectly and uniformly transferred from the former to the latter, and as both plates have a hard surface the design of the color-plate Will be sharply reproduced on the transfer-roller and likewise the design of the printing-plate sharply printed on the paper. However, the picture reproduced on the transfer-roller slightly differs from its original, as the elastic transfer-roller undergoes a deformation in the line of Contact with the hard color-plate and receives the picture 3< ust in that line and in its deformed condition; but as only rolls over the same without sliding, the picture is always received by the roller on the same part of its surface and likewise always delivered by the roller to the same part of the printing-plate. If therefore a plurality of color-plates is provided onthe carrier in a fixed position with respect to each other and to the printing-plate, the design of each colorplate will be transferred to its proper position on the printing-plate. Thus the several colorplates having been arranged each in a proper position with respect to the printing-plate the respective color designs will be transferred to the printing-plate in a perfectlyregistering condition and finally printed in the same condition on the paper. A great inconvenience inherent in the methods hitherto suggested for printing'in colors consists in that by the successive superimposition of different colors in a moist condition the single colors foul or cloud each other in a short time and so more and more modify the color tones required unless the plates and rollers are frequently cleaned, involving frequent stopping of the press and much loss of time. In the preferred form of my invention I overcome this inconvenience by combining with each color-plate a separate transfer-roller and assemble the colors only on a hard printing-surface. Thus in the three-color process, for instance, yellow is never transferred back to the red-color plate nor yellow and red to the blue-color plate, as would be the case by using a common transfer-roller, and the colors of the several color-plates are kept clean. Moreover, the retransfer of colors from the printing-plate back to the transfer-rollers is insignificant, as at each impression a complete compensation is effected by the clean colors supplied from each color-plate to its respective transfer-roller.- On the one hand, the supply of color to the printing-plate is obviously but a part of that to the transfer-rollers, so that only a small quantity of color could be transferred back, and, on the other hand, the tendency of passing of colors from the hard printing-plate to the elastic transferrolleris much less than the reverse. By these combined facts mutual fouling or clouding of the colors is practically prevented, and in such a perfect manner that even though a press provided with my invention is continuously run for several hours without cleaning the plates or rollers the last impression will show the very same tone of colors as the first one. There may be assembled two or more colors on one transfer-roller when by the character and the distribution of colors of the respective designs mutual fouling of the colors can be prevented. This modification is preferably made use of for producing very complicated colored designs.

The colorplates are made of any hard material, preferably of metal, and may be plain or provided with designs in relief or intaglio. They are inked by the well-known means. The printing-surface is likewise restricted to be a hard one, but may in other respects be of any material and be either plain or provided with a raised or sunken design.

When using a plain printing-surface, the colored designs of the color-plates .are simply transferred to the printing-plate and to the paper, showing mere copies of the original de signs; but if the printing-surface itself is provided with a design the impression on the paper will show this design in the different colors corresponding to the designs of the color-plates. Two kinds of design different in form will then appear 011 the paper, the one consisting of the design of the printing-plate and the other being composed of the designs of the color-plates applied to and constituting the printed parts of the first design. By these means there will be combined in the final impression the design of the printing-surface and those of the color-plates, and by combining the same infinitely-Varying effects may be attained not attainable by consecutive printing. In art reproduction-say in the three-color process, for instance the color plates may consist of the three primary halftone plates for red, blue, and yellow and the printing-form of a plain surface or likewise of a half-tone plate or other engraved plat e. By using color-plates and a printing-plate consisting of surfaces of zinc or aluminium or of lithographic stones my invention is rendered applicable to chromolithographic printing.

The elastic transfer-rollers may be made of any suitable material, such as usual ro1ler composition, leather, india-rubber, and the like. In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 shows in diagram the invention applied to a rotary press. Fig. 2 is a similar view of the invention embodied in a flat-bed cylinder press. Figs. 3, 4, and 5 are side and end views of so much of a rotary machine as'is necessary to illustrate the operation of the cams and color and transfer-rolls. Fig. 6 is a development of the surface of the cylinder shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 6, but showing a different arrangement of cams; and Figs. 8 and 9 are plan and side views of so much of a flatbed machine as is necessary to illustrate the operation of the cams and the color and transfer-rolls. In the said drawings I have restricted myself to show only the new arrangement of parts forming my invention and have omitted such particular means as are well known in multicolorprinting presses and therefore not claimed by me.

Referring first to Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6, E is the form-cylinder, carrying on its surface the color plates or patterns A B O D and the printing form or plate g and connected by a gear E to the impression-cylinder F, Fig. 1, provided with grippers and a backing on section h. The color-plates are inked in the several colors by inking-rollers a b c d, to which ink is supplied from ink-fountains e by means of sets of rollers 1 2 3 4t 5. The colors are transferred from the color-plates to the printingplate by means of the transfer-rollers Z, having gears continuously meshing with the gear of the form-cylinder. In the drawing Fig. 1 I have represented but two transfer-rollers. However, the arrangement shown is susceptible of alarger number of such rollers, four being shown, for instance, in Figs. 3, 4, and 5. The rollers a l) c d 70 l m n are temporarily kept in contact or out of contact with the plates A B G D g by cams a b c d 70 Z m'n, cooperating with disks a b c d 70 Z m 42<, mounted on the shafts of the respective rollers. The said shafts are journaled so as to To this purpose the spring-actuated disk-carrying ends of the rollers are journaled in slotted bearings a b 0 d Z m a and the opposite ends are given a slight play in their bearings, or the bearings of the latter may be pivotally arranged. By these means the gear-wheels Zc Z of the transfer-rollers 70 Z remain in engagement with the gear E of the form-cylinder, even in their lifted position, and a perfect register is always secured. In order to prevent shocks, the several cams are tapered at their ends. In the regular construction and working of the press the several rollers are actuated with reference to Figs. 1 and 3 to o, as follows: Cylinders E F, Fig. 1, are continuously revolving, and at each revolution roller a, Figs. 3 to 6, is low ered onto color-plates A, 1) onto B, 0 onto 0, and (Z onto D, and then lifted, each colorplate being thus inked in its individual color.

As color-plate A approaches transfer-roller 7c the latter is lowered onto the plate to receive therefrom the colored design and then lifted again until printing-plate g approaches the roller, and then is lowered a second time in order to transfer the colored design to the printing-plate. Likewise the second transfer-roller Z is brought into contact with buttplates B and g, the third roller m with buttplates 0 and g, and the fourth roller with butt-plates D and g. As the printing-plate g, with the assembled colors, reaches cylinder F, the multicolor impression takes place on the paper placed on section h. Fig. 7 shows a cam arrangement corresponding to Fig. 1, in which but two transfer-rollers 70 Z are made use of, roller is transferring the colored designs from plates A and B, and roller Z those from plates 0 and D, to the printing-plate g. The cams m n of Fig. 7 may then be dispensed with; but I have indicated such cams showing no interruption as a means for allowing of the same operation as in Fig. 1 even if employing more than two transferrollers, the rollers not to be used thus being rendered inoperative.

Fig. 2 shows a modification of Fig. 1 applied to a flat-bed stop-cylinder press of usual construction. The bed G is provided with the color-plates A B and with the printing-plate g. a, b are the color-plate-inking rollers and 7t Zthe transfer-rollers engaging with the bedrack H. The several rollers are lowered and lifted by suitable cams, rollers ZtZ thereby continuously .remaining in engagement with the rack in order to register with the plates, while the register of the impression-cylinder is secured by the rack H, as well known in stop-cylinder presses. The rollers are actuated as follows: Roller Ct is lowered only onto color-plate A and 1) only onto color-plate ]3 whenever the said plates pass underneath the respective rollersthat is to say, in the to-and-fro movement of the bed-these movements being controlled by cams a b, as usual. Rollers 7c and Zare preferably lowered only at the left-hand stroke of the bed and kept lifted from the plates during the with plates g and B right-hand stroke of the bed. For this purpose, besides the cams Z0 Z3 and Z Z Z and the disks 70 Z corresponding therewith, the slotted bearings for the spring-actuated shaft ends of rollers 7c Z are provided in a lever 19, pivoted to the framework and actuated by a continuously-revolving cam-disk q, a roller 0 of lever bearing against the edge of disk q. The latter performs one revolution during the to-an d-fro< movement of the bed in such manner that the reduced portion of the cam-disk passes underneath roller 7 during the lefthand stroke of the bed, rollers 70 Z then being in a condition to freely cooperate with their controlling-cams 7t 70 and Z, Z, and Z respectively; but as the bed is moved toward the right the projecting portion of cam-disk q passes underneath roller 0, and lever 10 is thereby kept in a raised position, so as to prevent rollers 70 Z being lowered during the right-hand strokes of the bed. As the bed begins its stroke toward the left roller is is lowered onto the printing-plate g and onto the color-plate A roller Z is lowered onto the printing-plate then lifted during the passage of color-plates A and lowered again when reached by color-plate B The impression takes plates at the same stroke of the bed as soon as printing-plate g reaches the impression-cylinder F. During the following right-hand stroke of the bed the impression-cylinder is stopped and rollers ZcZ are kept inoperative in their lifted position. From this it will be clear that when starting the press at the first left-hand stroke of the bed no impression will take place, but only the designs of the color-plates will be delivered to the respective transfer-cylinders. At the beginning of the next left-hand stroke of the bed the designs will then be transferred from the transfer-cylinders to the printingplate and printed on the paper, while at the same stroke the transfer-cylinders will again receive the colored designs from the colorplates thus ready to transfer the same to the printing-plate at the beginning of the third left-hand stroke of the bed, and so on. For more common work rollers 70 Z may be made likewise operative during the right-hand stroke of the bed, but obviously with the same restrictions that roller 70 works together only with plates g and A and roller Z only The modifications referred to with respect to Fig. l are obviously applicable to the present arrangement. Having described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, 1s– 1. In a multicolor-printing press, the combinationwith an impression cylinder or member, of a support or carrier having a printingplate and a plurality of color-plates affixed thereto, inking devices for applying colors to the color-plates, and one or more transferrolls for transferring the several colors from the color-plates to the printing-plate, said printing-platc being arranged to coact with the impression cylinder or member, substantially as described.

2. In a multicolor-printing press, the combination with animpression cylinder or member, of a movable support or carrier having a it printing-plate and a plurality of color-plates afiixed thereto, inking devices including rolls for applying colors to the color-plates, means for moving said inking-rolls at proper intervals into contact with their respective colorplates and one or more transfer-rolls for transferrin g the several colors from the colorplates to the printing-plate, said printingplate being arranged to coact with the impression cylinder or member, substantially as described.

3. In a multicolor-printing press, the combination with an impression cylinder or member, of a revolving cylindrical support or carrier having a printing-plate and a plurality of color-plates affixed thereto, inking devices for applying different colors to the colorplates, and one or more transfer-rolls for transferring the several colors from the colorplates to the printing-plate, said printingplate being arranged to coact with the impression cylinder or member, substantially as described.

4. In a multicolor-printing press, the combination with an impression cylinder or member, of a support or carrier having a printingplate and a plurality of color-plates affixed thereto, inking-rollers for applying colors to the color-plates, transfer-rolls for transferring the several colors from the color-plates to the printing-plate, and means for moving the inking-rolls and the transfer-rolls to and from the pat-h of movement of the printingplate and color-plates, substantially as described.

5. In a multicolor-printing press, the combination with an impression cylinder or member, of a support or carrier having a hard printing-plate and a plurality of hard colorplates affixed thereto, inking devices for applying colors to the color-plates, and one or bination with a support or carrier having a printing-plate and a plurality of color-plates mounted thereon in fixed relation to each other, of one or more transfer-rolls geared to said support or carrier and arranged totransfer colors from said color-plates to the printing-plate, substantially as described.

7. In a multicolor-printing press, the combination with a movable support or carrier having a printing-plate and a plurality of color-plates thereon in fixed relation to each other, of one or more transfer-rolls permanently geared to said support or carrier, and means for moving said transfer roll or rolls into and out of the path of said plates at proper intervals without interrupting the gearing of said rolls with the carrier, substantially as described.

8. In a multicolor-printing press, the combination with an impression cylinder or member, of a support or carrier having a printingplate and a plurality of color-plates carried in fixed relation thereon, inking devices for applying colors to the color-plates, one or more transfer rolls in permanent engagement by means of gearing with said support or carrier, and cams arranged upon said support or carrier and adapted to move the transfer-rolls to and from the said plates at proper intervals without interrupting their geared engagement with the carrier, su bstantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

IVAN ORLOFF.

Witnesses:

On STIF (Société Technique d'Impressions Fiduciaires)

This was a French Security printing company.

Between October 27-29 October 1952 Gualtiero Giori held a Conference in Lausanne; in this gathering were French, Italian and German printers, printing machine designers and manufactures. The de l'organisation Giori was born with agreements between many of the printing press manufacturers. J.Mermet President of STIF, R. Des Lyons, Secretary general of STIF; S. Baune (President, Société des Procédés Serge Beaune) and many others who were present at the meeting, decided to cooperate. Gualtiero Giori was not an ordinary businessman; he was a man with foresight.

Gualtiero Giori bought many patenets from STIF and Serge Beaune. There are many patents belonging to STIF and Serge Beaune.

PatentePatente

Annotate this Case U.S. Court of Customs and Patent Appeals (1909-1982) - 363 F.2d 893 (C.C.P.A. 1966)

July 28, 1966

John E. Lind, Washington, D. C., for appellants.

J. Schimmel, Washington, D. C. (Fred W. Sherling, Washington, D. C., of counsel), for Commissioner of Patents. Before RICH, Acting Chief Judge, MARTIN, SMITH, and ALMOND, Judges, and Judge WILLIAM H. KIRKPATRICK.* SMITH, Judge.

The issue is whether the invention, a process, defined in the single claim1 on appeal is obvious under the terms of 35 U.S.C. § 103. The claim is as follows:

4. Process for the impression of multiple colors upon supports such as fiduciary papers starting from several engraved polychrome elements, comprising forming for each element an engraved copper plate reproducing the motif relative to each element, then forming for each element a plate called the impression plate comprising the motif of relative colors for the corresponding element and differing from the motif to be reproduced, transferring the motif of the impression plate upon inking rollers, cutting each of said inking rollers in order to allow to remain in relief only the motif relative to the color assigned to said roller, inking one of said rollers with a fundamental color, inking each of the other rollers with an altered or derivative color of the fundamental color, inking one of the engraved plates successively with each of said rollers, then wiping said plate so that only the engraved lines contain the ink attributed to such lines, doing the same operation for the other engraved plates by attributing to each of said plates a different fundamental color and colors altered or derivatives of said different fundamental color, superposing successively upon said support each of the engraved plates so inked while using for each of the transfers upon said support except the last a cylinder having a blanket to transfer the ink attributed to the engraved lines of each plate with a very slight pressure without deforming said support, and then effecting the last transfer directly of the engraved plate upon the support by a cylinder having a blanket pressing the support upon the engraved plate to transfer the ink attributed to the engraved lines with a pressure causing simultaneously a deformation of said support.

The prior art references relied on are as follows:

Lee 282,995 Aug. 14, 1883 Schultz et al. 1,379,365 May 24, 1921 Yetter 1,581,151 Apr. 20, 1926 Lohmann 2,085,435 June 29, 1937 Lathey 2,303,646 Dec. 1, 1942 British patent 610,943 Oct. 22, 1948

Appellants< invention will be considered first. It concerns a process for the impression of multiple colors on paper from several engraved elements. The embodiment described in the application and discussed in the briefs relates to three engraved elements. Each of the three engraved elements, mounted on rolls, operates successively on the paper and receives ink from sets of three mutually exclusive inkers. Each engraved element thus receives three inks, a fundamental color and two derivatives of that color. Concerning the first two engraved elements, the ink deposited on the engraved element is transferred to the paper via a roll covered with a blanket of plastic material with slight pressure. In the third or last printing the ink on the engraved element is deposited directly on the paper. A roll exerts pressure directly on the paper as it passes over the third engraved element causing deformation of the paper.

Appellants comment in their brief on the invention as follows:

* * * the first transfers or printings are made with a very slight pressure and as they are small in number (two in the example cited in the application) the deformation of the paper is zero and consequently the registration can be exact which permits documents whose production is simple and highly protected against counterfeiting. The transfer of the last printing element is carried out under pressure in order to obtain deformation which modifies the general design and makes more difficult still the counterfeiting of the document.

In addition to the above feature of the invention the invention also comprises a combination of the following:

1. The superpositioning upon a paper of copper plate engraved elements, each inked with a fundamental color and colors derived or obtained from the fundamental color.

2. The inking of each element by inking rollers carrying in relief the color motif attributed to such roller (the fundamental color or the derived or faded color).

3. The constitution of the motif of the colors of the printing rollers starting from a plate called the impression plate comprising the complete motif of color, this complete motif being transferred upon each of said rollers which are then engraved in such a manner so as only to allow in relief the motif of the color assigned to such roller.

Claim 4 was rejected as unpatentable over Schultz et al. in view of the teachings of Lathey and British. Lee was cited only to show that plate printing wherein the ink is transferred directly from the engraved plate to the paper takes place under heavy pressure between the printing plate and the impression cylinder. Lohmann was cited to show that the pressure between the intaglio type die and the resilient impression cylinder is such as to emboss the paper. Yetter was relied on only to show it to be conventional to use different colors or shades and times [sic, tints] of a single color in intaglio printing.

The board in its opinion adopted the following reasoning of the examiner:

The British patent teaches the technique recited in lines 3 to 11 for making cut out inking rollers and indicates that they are to be used for inking intaglio plates with several colors * * Lathey has a clearer showing of inking intaglio plates with cut out inking rollers and then wiping to leave the ink only in the engraved lines. Having the colors of the inks as fundamental (or primary) and altered or derivative colors, as called for in this claim, is the use of shades and times [sic, tints] of a color, in different inks, and a matter of choice in the art, as in Yetter, for example. Schultz et al. disclose multicolor printing wherein the last ink impression is made directly upon the paper by an intaglio printing plate and the preceding ones are made indirectly, by using a blanket to transfer the ink from the printing plates to the paper. This reference also indicates that intaglio printing plates may be used for these preceding impressions. It is not seen to be unobvious to one skilled in the art to have all the printing plates on the cylinders * * * of Schultz et al. as intaglio plates, to ink each of these plates with several inks, as taught by Lathey and the British patent, using inking rollers made as shown in the British patent. Having the last, direct impression made with heavy pressure, so as to deform or emboss the paper is common in the art, as exemplified by Lee or Lohmann, and is not considered to make the claim patentable over the references. The board added the following comments in affirming the examiner's rejection:

While Schultz et al. appears to apply the preliminary printings * * * simultaneously to the paper * * * through the common impression roller * * * and not successively as called for in the claim, we do not believe that successive application of the printings would exceed routine choice or skill of persons having ordinary skill in the art. We stress also that a reading of the Schultz et al. specification has left no doubt in our minds that the preliminary printing by roller * * * does not deform the paper and that the intaglio roller * * * does deform it, which is in effect the inventive concept urged as patentable in the instant application. It is appellants< position here that the examiner and board interpreted every reference correctly save one, the patent to Schultz.

Appellants argue:

The present application presents a new and novel feature according to which the transfer of ink contained in the lines of the last engraved plate is assured by a cylinder * * * covered with a hard blanket allowing the transfer of the ink under a pressure so that the support paper is deformed.

The first transfers are carried out under the slightest pressure possible in such a way as not to deform the support paper while preserving all the suitable characteristics of the copper engraving process.

This feature is not found in Schultz et al. where there is no deformation of the support paper during the last ink transfer.

* * * * * *

The other patents relied upon by the Examiner and the Board of Appeals show only a single step of the combination claimed and to combine these various steps in one process as called for in the claim on Appeal involves invention, particularly when the valuable results accomplished are viewed.

We shall first determine, as a factual matter, what Schultz fairly teaches before proceeding to the issue under section 103. In re Chupa, 359 F.2d 908, 53 CCPA ___.

Schultz discloses a method and apparatus for making multicolor prints. Three printing rolls and an intaglio impression cylinder cooperate with a main impression cylinder. They are located at 90° intervals about the periphery of the main cylinder. A second intaglio impression cylinder cooperates with the first intaglio cylinder. The paper to be printed passes between the first intaglio cylinder and the main cylinder and then between the two intaglio cylinders. The three printing rolls transfer successively yellow, red and blue color inks to the same surface area of the main cylinder. Planographic (surface printing) plates are preferred for the printing rolls over intaglio (relief printing) plates. The second intaglio cylinder prints black ink directly on the paper after the color ink has been transferred from the main cylinder to the paper.

Both intaglio cylinders are mounted on eccentrics in order that they may be moved in and out of contact. As the surface area of the main cylinder carrying the ink approaches the point of contact between the first intaglio cylinder and the main cylinder the essentric operates to throw the intaglio cylinder into impression contact. Similarly, as the color printed portion of the paper approaches the point of contact between the two intaglio cylinders, the eccentric of the second cylinder operates to throw the cylinders into impression contact with the consequence that,

* * * a roto-gravure print will be superimposed upon the impression carried by the paper and thereby those portions of the original copy which corresponds to the shades will be received from said intaglio cylinder.

Schultz discloses the following advantages:

Our invention, which is applicable alike to the printing on paper or textile, renders it possible to produce on continuous web-presses even more faithful reproductions than is obtained by laborious offset lithographic processes when employing as many as six colors. Further advantages are the virtual elimination, owing to the register being positive throughout, of register difficulties such as are experienced in ordinary offset color printing wherein the sheet travels over numerous cylinders during the application of the color thereto and the reduction to a minimum of the possibility of blurs occurring due to stretching of the large blankets employed in most offset color printing. Besides the latter advantage in respect to minimizing blurs, the small sections of blanket used are far easier and more economical to replace when soiled or worn than are the large blankets usually employed in such work.

* * * * * *

While offset printing has certain advantages in that the yielding blanket compensates for irregularities in the paper, as distinguished from direct printing wherein an unyielding metal plate is in contact with the paper, thus enabling one to reproduce delicate shades very faithfully, nevertheless, one of the objections to the offset printing is the fact that one cannot produce the key color varying from the intense depths up to the finest gradations of tones as is possible when a direct intaglio print in the key color is superimposed in the manner herein described. Accordingly, our process while, enabling one to utilize the advantages of the intaglio for the key color and thus obtain all gradations of color from the intense depths to the softest tones, at the same time preserves all the advantages of offset printing including that of the relatively cheap cost of same.

Appellants argue that Schultz does not disclose a last transfer step under pressure. Their brief states:

Particular attention is invited to the term roto-gravure in the above. Actually a roto-gravure is a process of photogravure in which the impression is produced by etched cylindrical plates affixed to the rollers of a rotary printing press; hence, an illustration so printed. It is well know in the art that such a printing is not done under pressure so as to produce embossing. The claim on Appeal, however, calls for several transfers with slight pressure and the last transfer is effected with strong pressure so as to secure the embossing effect.

* * * * * *

The last transfer under pressure allows a simultaneous deformation of the support in order to emboss and render the document more difficult to reproduce. The transfers that are made in Schultz et al. are made without deformation of the support and in an entirely different manner.

* * * * * *

The pressures to be exerted upon the support are totally different and the effects obtained can not be compared. The solicitor in his brief does not support the board's conclusion, quoted supra, that the second intaglio cylinder in Schultz deforms the paper and the first does not. His argument is as follows:

* * * the question to be decided is not only whether the roller * * * [second intaglio cylinder] does deform the paper but also whether it would be obvious to have the roller * * * deform or emboss the paper. Schultz et al. do not state whether the roller * * * deforms the paper, but it does certainly appear that the direct pressure contact of the engraved roller with the paper as disclosed by Schultz et al. would deform the paper surface to some extent. Moreover, it is common in the printing art to deform or emboss a paper with an engraved roller as shown by Lohmann * * * Therefore, it would be clearly obvious to regulate the pressure contact of the engraved roller with the paper in Schultz et al. to control deformation of the paper as desired.

* * * Lohmann shows the embossing feature. Appellant acknowledges the disclosure of Lohmann and argues that the reference only shows a single transfer * * * but appellant's embossing step is also only a single transfer. * * *

We think that the solicitor's comment that Schultz does not disclose that the second intaglio cylinder embosses the paper is correct and thus appellants have the better of the argument in this respect. However, the fact that Schultz does not disclose embossing is not dispositive of the issue whether the claimed subject matter is obvious in view of all of the teachings of the prior art of record. Turning to the section 103 issue, appellants concede that all of the steps of the process are old in the art. The patentability of the process allegedly resides in combining these various steps in one process * * * particularly when the valuable results accomplished are viewed. However, appellants did not introduce any evidence for consideration showing facts tending to prove that valuable results are achieved. Accordingly, the valuable results alleged are limited to appellants< allegations that counterfeiting is made more difficult by employing the claimed process. Appellants< brief states:

Finally, a document is obtained whose forgery is impossible, on the one hand, owing to the complexity of the design, the superimposing of several engravings, the large number of colors utilized, and the changing of colors in the lines of each plate, and on the other hand, because during the successive printings, the document remains exactly identical with itself, i. e., that the divergences between printings of the documents are absolutely minimum, and finally, by the embossing given at the last transfer which takes place under pressure. Finally, all the elements of the process help to make the forgery of the document more difficult, both because it enables the superimposing of several etched engravings, because the distribution of the colors is complex, and because the printings remain identical with themselves, while effecting the deformation of the support paper by the direct copper-plate engraving.

Lathey and British both state that multicolor intaglio printing makes forgery or counterfeiting of bank notes or other fiduciary papers more difficult. Schultz teaches that positive registry throughout and direct intaglio printing in the key color enables reproduction of delicate shades very faithfully, as quoted supra.

As we view the references, the advantages of each step of the process are taught by the references excepting the final embossing step as an operation to make forgery more difficult. Lohmann discloses an embossing and intaglio printing step which occur simultaneously as appellants< does. However, Lohmann contemplates that his device is useful for making seals. The specification states:

Commonly, seals and the like are printed upon a continuous web of sheet material from which they are cut. Usually a seal press includes a reciprocating die which cuts the printed seal from the web, the web moving forwardly intermittently between successive cuts by the reciprocating die. The cutting die may include an embossing die so that the cutting and embossing are simultaneous operations. Such presses are bulky and slow in operation and it is an object of this invention to manufacture such articles continuously and economically and to provide a machine for carrying out the manufacture which is continuous in operation and economical to manufacture and operate.

* * * * * *

* * * The printing mechanism is of the intaglio type for effecting raised printing and consists of a recessed die which is opposed by a resilient roll. * * *

In view of the teachings of record, we believe it was incumbent upon appellants to establish, through factual proofs, the alleged valuable results made possible by the claimed invention. Absent such evidence and any further argument demonstrating that the claimed subject matter is unobvious in view of the prior art, the board's decision must be affirmed. Each of the steps of the process argued by appellants to make forgery and counterfeiting more difficult is suggested by the prior art.

Affirmed.

* United States Senior District Judge for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, designated to participate in place of Chief Judge WORLEY, pursuant to provisions of Section 294(d), Title 28, United States Code

Sur les rotatives TD3, le papier gommé est déroulé d'une bobine puis humidifié avec un rouleau en polyuréthane maintenu mouillé. Le papier passe ensuite entre le cylindre cliché, encré et essuyé en surface, et un rouleau presseur. Les trois couleurs sont donc imprimées ensemble au cours d'une seule révolution de cylindre.